Unix Tutorial

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Communication and networks

ftp|| telnet || ping || traceroute

Few commonly used networking commands :

Commands below are used for various tasks in computer networks.

ftp

file transfer program, anonymous and user-ID versions.ftp stands for File Transfer Protocol. File transfer provides a means for you to obtain computer files (text, image, sound, etc.) from other computers over the network. ftp can also be used to send (upload) files from your computer to another computer, providing you have write permission or a real account on the machine you are uploading. FTP runs on TCP/IP port 21 .

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telnet

establish a remote connection. Telnet is a utility that allows a computer user at one site to make a connection, login and then conduct work on a computer at another site. For example, you can use the telnet command to run a program in your directory on a supercomputer thousands of miles away. Telnet runs on TCP/IP port 23

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ping

Ping command is used to test and time a route to other computer.This sends an echo request to a network host. It is useful for determining the status of the network and various foreign hosts. The ping command sends one datagram per second and prints one line of output for every response received. Round-trip times and packet loss statistics are calculated and displayed. Ping uses the ICMP protocol. This is an IP protocol, so it does not have a port number.

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traceroute x

Main purpose of traceroute is to test routes to x (address).This is a utility that records the route (the specific gateway computers at each hop) through the Internet between your computer and a specified destination computer. It also calculates and displays the amount of time each hop took. Traceroute also uses the ICMP protocol.

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Here are few of not so commonly used commands.Some sites only allow the useof these commands for network experts.

rlogin : remote login

irc : real-time text conversation with other irc users

phone (var.) : real-time telephone-like conversation (several diff. syst.)

sz : send files using Xmodem, Ymodem or Zmodem protocol

rz : receive files using Xmodem, Ymodem or Zmodem protocol

kermit : run terminal emulation or transfer files using Kermit protocol

who : display information on users logged in

ruser : display remote users (old)

dnslookup : display user information from DNS server

ypcat : display user or group information from NIS/YP server

id : display user's ID, name, group and group name

finger : enquire information (.plan) about a user or a node

rup: display information about network machines

nslookup x : look up or set address information

mesg : activate or passivate connections for talk, write and wall

rcp : remote copy, not in use anymore

uucp : copy files between computers, Unix-to-Unix copy

cu : call other computer, not in use

tip : establish a connection, not in use anymore

talk : full screen conversation between two users

write: send a message to another user, not in use